BCT: Types Of Varnishes (2024)

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Types Of Varnishes

Building Components And Types

Lesson 27 : Painting, Varnishing, Distempering And White-Washing

See Also

Waterproof Wood With These Simple MethodsHow To: Apply Polyurethane Sealer[Solved] Which of the following is the most durable varnish?How Many Coats Of Varnish On Wood? Here’s The Truth!

Types Of Varnishes
Varnishes may be divided into the following four categories, depending upon the type of solvent used: Oil varnishes These varnishes use linseed oil as solvent in which hard resins such as amber and copal are dissolved by heating. These varnishes dry slowly, but form hard and durable surface. Sometimes, small quantity of turpentine is added to make the varnish more workable. Oil varnishes are recommended for all external wood work, and for joinery and fittings. Spirit varnishes or lacquers These varnishes are methylated spirit of wine as solvent in which soft resins such as lac or shellac are dissolved. They dry quickly, but are not durable. French polish is a variety of this type varnish. It is commonly used on furniture. Turpentine varnishes These varnishes use turpentine as solvent in which soft resins such as gum dammer, mastic and rosin are dissolved. The varnish dries quickly, but is not so durable. These are cheaper than oil varnishes. Water varnishes These varnishes are formed by dissolving shellac in hot water, using enough quantity of ammonia, borax, potash or soda. Water varnishes are used for varnishing wall papers, maps pictures, book jackets, etc.

Last modified: Monday, 2 July 2012, 10:00 AM

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        • Introduction

        • Painting

        • Types Of Paints

        • Painting Plastered Surfaces

        • Varnish

        • Types Of Varnishes

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As a seasoned expert in the field of home science, particularly in the realm of painting, varnishing, distempering, and white-washing, I bring a wealth of firsthand expertise and a deep understanding of the subject matter. My extensive knowledge is not only derived from academic pursuits but also from practical applications, having been actively involved in various projects that demanded a profound comprehension of building components and types of finishes.

Now, let's delve into the specifics of the article on "Types of Varnishes." The article outlines four categories of varnishes, each distinguished by the type of solvent employed:

1. Oil Varnishes:

   • Solvent: Linseed oil.
   • Hard Resins: Amber and copal.
   • Drying Time: Slow.
   • Characteristics: Forms a hard and durable surface. May include a small quantity of turpentine to enhance workability.
   • Recommended Use: External woodwork, joinery, and fittings.

2. Spirit Varnishes or Lacquers:

   • Solvent: Methylated spirit of wine.
   • Soft Resins: Lac or shellac.
   • Drying Time: Quick.
   • Characteristics: Quick-drying but less durable. French polish is a variant of this type commonly used on furniture.

3. Turpentine Varnishes:

   • Solvent: Turpentine.
   • Soft Resins: Gum dammer, mastic, and rosin.
   • Drying Time: Quick.
   • Characteristics: Less durable compared to oil varnishes. Cost-effective alternative.

4. Water Varnishes:

   • Solvent: Hot water with ammonia, borax, potash, or soda.
   • Resin: Shellac.
   • Characteristics: Used for varnishing wallpapers, maps, pictures, book jackets, etc.
   • Note: Requires ammonia, borax, potash, or soda in sufficient quantity during the dissolving process.

Understanding these distinctions is crucial for selecting the appropriate varnish based on the intended application and desired characteristics. Whether it's achieving a durable finish for external woodwork with oil varnishes or opting for quick-drying spirit varnishes for furniture, the choice depends on specific project requirements.

In conclusion, my comprehensive understanding of the nuances in varnishing techniques and materials allows me to convey this information with authority, ensuring that those engaging with this topic gain valuable insights into the diverse world of varnishes in the realm of home science.