How to Light a Chanukah Menorah: 15 Steps (with Pictures) (2024)

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1Lighting the Shamash and Saying the Blessings

2Lighting the Other Candles

3Arranging the Candles

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Last Updated: October 1, 2022ReferencesApproved

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Chanukah (also spelled Hanukah or Hannukah) is the Jewish festival of lights and feast of dedication, a joyous holiday that celebrates the miracle of one day's quantity of oil burning for eight days in the menorah in the Temple of Jerusalem. The central focus of Chanukah is the chanukiah, the candelabra that many refer to as a menorah (though “chanukiah” is the correct term for the Chanukah candelabra). Lighting the chanukiah is a ritual that has very specific steps which differ slightly each of the eight nights of Chanukah!

Part 1

Part 1 of 3:

Lighting the Shamash and Saying the Blessings

  1. 1

    Light the shamash candle. Once the sun has set (unless it’s Friday), light the shamash candle using a match, lighter, or other flame source. It’s very important to light the shamash first. The shamash is what you will be using to light the other candles, so you should never light the other candles before it.[1]

    • Start the candle lighting before sunset on Friday night and use long-lasting candles so they burn for at least 30 minutes after the sun sets.
  2. 2

    Say the first blessing over the candles. Whenever candles are lit in a Jewish ceremony, a blessing is always said over the candle lighting. This is the first blessing that you will say on each night of Chanukah.[2]

    1. Baruch Atah Adonai Eloheinu Melech Ha'olam, asher kidshanu b’mitzvotav v’tzivanu l’hadlik ner shel Hanukkah.

      Blessed are You, O Lord Our God, Ruler of the Universe, Who has sanctified us with Your commandments and commanded us to kindle the lights of Chanukah.

    • You can sing the blessing with the traditional tune, or simply recite it. You can also say it in English if you can’t pronounce the Hebrew, though you should use the Hebrew if you can.
    • It’s traditional for others around to say “amen” after each blessing has been recited.

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  3. 3

    Recite the second blessing. The second blessing thanks God for miracles that God performed for the Jewish ancestors, and is recited every night of Chanukah after the candle lighting blessing.[3]

    1. Baruch Atah Adonai Eloheinu Melech Ha'olam, she’asah nisim l’avoteinu, b’yamim haheim bazman hazeh.

      Blessed are You, O Lord our God, Ruler of the Universe, Who made miracles for our forefathers in those days at this time.

  4. 4

    Recite the Shehecheyanu on the first night of Chanukah. If it is the first night of Chanukah, recite the Shehecheyanu after the other two blessings. The Shehecheyanu is a special blessing that is traditionally said every time you do something for the first time, or do a specific ritual for the first time in this year. Because you will be lighting the Chanukah candles for the first time this year, say this blessing on the first night, but not on the following nights of Chanukah.

    1. Baruch Atah Adonai Eloheinu Melech Ha'olam, shehekheyanu, v’kiyamanu vehegianu lazman hazeh.

      Blessed are You, O Lord Our God, Ruler of the Universe, Who has kept us alive, sustained us and brought us to this season.

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Part 2

Part 2 of 3:

Lighting the Other Candles

  1. 1

    Light the candles with the shamash. After you finish reciting the blessings, pick the shamash candle up with your dominant hand. Use the shamash to light the candle/s, going from left to right. In other words, light the newest candle first, then light the preceding candles.

    • Light the candles from left to right to acknowledge the new candle representing the new night of Chanukah before the others.
    • Always use the shamash to light the candles. Never use an already lit candle to light the others.
  2. 2

    Place the shamash candle back in its slot. After you finish lighting the candles, place the shamash candle back in its slot. You have just finished lighting your chanukiah!

  3. 3

    Place the chanukiah in the window. Placing the chanukiah in the window is a way of proudly showing your Jewish heritage and traditions.

    • A key part of the Chanukah story is the defeat of the Hellenistic forces by the ancient Jewish Maccabees. The Greeks had taken over the ancient Jewish temple and were trying to smother the Jewish religion. This is why displaying the chanukiah and expressing your Judaism is an integral part of the holiday.[4]
    • Custom says to place the chanukiah in a window to the left of the door, if possible. The chanukiah belongs on the left side of a doorway, opposite the mezuzah on the right side, so that the family can be surrounded by mitzvot (commandments) as they celebrate Chanukah.[5]
  4. 4

    Let the candles burn themselves out. Instead of blowing out or extinguishing the candles, let them run their course. Make sure that they burn for at least a half an hour after sunset. If you have to leave the house, time it so that they burn for at least 30 minutes after you have lit them.[6]

    • If it is Shabbat, use long-lasting candles and make sure that they burn for at least a half an hour after the sun sets.
    • If you have to leave the house, let the candles burn for at least 30 minutes after sunset, then extinguish them for safety purposes.
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Part 3

Part 3 of 3:

Arranging the Candles

  1. 1

    Begin at sunset of the 24th day of the month of Kislev. Chanukah begins on the same day of the Jewish calendar each year, the 24th day of the month of Kislev. Because the Jewish and Roman calendars are different, Chanukah begins on a different day each year on the Roman calendar.[7]

    • In 2020, Chanukah begins in the evening of Thursday, December 10, and ends in the evening of Friday, December 18.
  2. 2

    Gather your family or friends just after sunset. All Jewish holidays begin at sunset, so you should get your friends or family together with you to light the candles just after the sun sets.[8]

    • Including friends and family in the candle lighting ritual a very important aspect of Chanukah. A large part of Judaism is sharing the miracle of Chanukah and passing the tradition onto your children. For this reason, try to include others in the candle lighting!
    • The exception is Friday night, when the menorah should be lit before sunset. This is because Friday night is the start of Shabbat, or the day of rest, and lighting the menorah constitutes as work (which should not be done after Shabbat begins).[9]
  3. 3

    Place the shamash in the chanukiah. On your chanukiah, you should see 9 slots for candles, with eight slots on one level and one slot elevated above the rest. This is the spot for the shamash, or the candle used to light all the other candles. Place one candle in this elevated spot.

    • Every night of Chanukah, you place and light the shamash first before the other candles.
    • The word “shamash” means “attendant” in Hebrew, and its elevation away from the other candles is meant to separate it from the candles that represent each day of Chanukah. Its position also alludes to its important role of lighting the other candles.[10]
    • It doesn’t matter what color candles you use. Some choose traditional blue and white candles, while others prefer differently colored candles![11]
    • The candelabra Jewish people use for Chanukah is actually a "chanukiah," which has nine branches, not a menorah, which has seven. People incorrectly call the chanukiah a menorah, but they have become accepted as the same thing. If you wish to be technically accurate, call the candelabra a chanukiah.
    • While an electric chanukiah is a great decoration, it can’t be used to properly fulfill the ceremony of Chanukah. You need to use a candle or oil chanukiah to fulfill the mitzvah (the commandment or good deed) of lighting the chanukiah.
  4. 4

    Add the other candles. Every night of Chanukah, you add one more candle. On the first night of Chanukah, place a candle in the right-most slot. After the first night of Chanukah, add one candle for each night, starting from the right-most slot and going left.[12]

    • For instance, on the second night of Chanukah, place the shamash candle in its slot and the candle representing the first night of Chanukah in the right-most slot. Place the candle representing the second night of Chanukah in the slot next to the previous candle (the second to the right-most slot).
    • On the third night, place the candles as you did on the second night, adding a fourth candle in the slot third to the right.
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  • Question

    What's the soonest I can display the empty menorah? Do I need to wait until the first night of Hanukkah?

    How to Light a Chanukah Menorah: 15 Steps (with Pictures) (15)

    Community Answer

    You can have it ready as early as you wish. Lighting it, though, starts on the first night.

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    When the first candle is lighted after prayer, do I put off the candle until the last day which all the candles are left to burn down?

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    No, you use different candles each night, always letting them burn down.

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    Can I light all the candles on the first night and subtract?

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    I've heard of people doing this, though it is not common. It makes a certain sense though, as one can consider it the same as the oil slowly being used up. If you're concerned about whether or not it's proper, better ask a rabbi.

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      Tips

      • Eat latkes, exchange presents, and play a game of dreidel around your chanukiah!

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      • For the chanukiah to be kosher, it must have all 8 of the "regular" candles in a line at the same height, and the shamash set apart. As long as this requirement is fulfilled, the chanukiah can be decorated any way you like. Some people even make their own as a craft project.

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      • Place a plate or tray under the candles so that the wax does not drip onto the tablecloth.

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      How to Light a Chanukah Menorah: 15 Steps (with Pictures) (18)

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      Warnings

      • Supervise children lighting candles, and make sure not to put the candles within the reach of a toddler or pet who might knock them over.

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      • Keep the candles away from any articles that might catch on fire. Never leave burning candles unattended. Spread a sheet of aluminum foil underneath the chanukiah so that it doesn’t drip hot wax on the table.

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      Things You'll Need

      • Menorah
      • Chanukah candles
      • Lighter or matchbook

      About This Article

      How to Light a Chanukah Menorah: 15 Steps (with Pictures) (33)

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      This article was co-authored by wikiHow Staff. Our trained team of editors and researchers validate articles for accuracy and comprehensiveness. wikiHow's Content Management Team carefully monitors the work from our editorial staff to ensure that each article is backed by trusted research and meets our high quality standards. This article has been viewed 454,437 times.

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      How to Light a Chanukah Menorah: 15 Steps (with Pictures) (2024)

      FAQs

      What is the correct way to light the Chanukah candles? ›

      A: The candles are lighted in the opposite direction from how they are placed in the chanukiah. They are lighted from left to right, so that the newest candle is always lighted first. The helper candle, or shamash, is lighted first, and that candle is used to light all the other candles.

      How do you light the Chanukah menorah? ›

      Each night, add a new candle before lighting. Now, here's the tricky part: candles are placed in the menorah from right to left but candles are lit from left to right. "Left to right, that's how you light!"

      In what order do you light the menorah? ›

      On the first night of Hanukkah, place a candle in the holder on the far right, and light it with the shamash. Then put the shamash back in its spot (leaving it lit). On the second night, light the candle second from the right, then the candle on the far right, and replace the lit shamash.

      What order do you light the altar candles? ›

      The Christ Candle is lit first if it is set out. Then the altar candles, and then the candelabras at the base of the large cross. The candelabras are lit from the middle (closest to the large cross) to the outside and extinguished in opposite fashion, making sure that both partners are even with one another.

      Why do you put foil under menorah? ›

      Put tin foil under the menorah, wrap the candle holders in it, consider wrapping yourself in it. The tin foil will catch all the melty wax and make cleanup a breeze.

      Which candle do you light first on the menorah? ›

      The menorah has one candle for each night of Hanukkah, which is celebrated for eight nights. There will be an extra candle in the middle, known as the shamash, which is used to light the other candles. Light the shamash candle first before giving the blessings.

      What do you sing when you light the menorah? ›

      After lighting the menorah, it's customary to sing “Maoz Tzur” (Rock of Ages), the timeless song of the Maccabees' fight for freedom.

      What are the rules for a menorah? ›

      The candles are placed on the menorah from right to left, the same direction in which one reads Hebrew. However, when lighting the menorah you move in the opposite direction, using the shamash to the light the candles from left to right.

      What do you say on the first night of Hanukkah? ›

      In this case, we recite the Shechecheyanu the first night we light the Chanukah candles on the menorah. Baruch atah Adonai, Eloheinu melech ha-olam, shehecheyanu v'kiy'manu v'higiyanu lazman hazeh.

      How many candles should be lit today on the menorah? ›

      In modern times, we light one menorah candle on the first night of Hanukkah, plus a “helper” candle, called the shammash. Using the shammash, we light two on the second night, three on the third night and so on, until all nine candles are aglow on the eighth and final night.

      What are the 8 lights of Hanukkah? ›

      Eight candles symbolize the number of days that the Temple lantern blazed; the ninth, the shamash, is a helper candle used to light the others. Families light one candle on the first day, two on the second (and so on) after sundown during the eight days of Hanukkah while reciting prayers and singing songs.

      How do you light a candle step by step? ›

      Hold the lighter to the wick.

      Put the flame in the candle. Let the flame go against the tip of the wick. Watch to see when it ignites, then pull the lighter away. Let go of the trigger to put the flame out, and set the candle upright on the surface.

      How do you explain what is light to kids? ›

      Light comes from different sources called light sources; our main natural light source is the sun. Other sources include fire, stars and man-made light sources such as light-bulbs and torches. Thanks to light, we see life in glorious colour: our eyes see different wavelengths of light as different colours.

      How do Beginners celebrate Hanukkah? ›

      You light the Shamash (the helper candle) first and then use it to light a candle per night so that at the end of the holiday, the entire Hannukiah is filled with burning candles. There are three blessings to recite over the menorah, thanking God for the miracle of light (though many families only say one).

      Which candle will go out first? ›

      The shortest candle will go out first because carbon dioxide is more dense than air and will settle at the bottom and put out the flame.

      How many candles are traditionally put on the altar? ›

      Many congregations use two candles on the altar to point out that Jesus was both a human being and God. At the end of the service, the light is carried out into the world to show that Jesus Christ is for all people everywhere […]

      What is the proper way to light a candle? ›

      Strike your lighter or match, then hold it directly under the candle wick. The flame should naturally reach up toward the wick, making it much easier to light. Flip the candle right-side-up as soon as the wick lights so you don't spill any wax as it melts.

      Why do we light menorah in window? ›

      During Hanukkah, it is traditional for Jews to light the menorah and place it in the front window — symbolizing the hard-won freedom of the Jewish people to practice their faith without fear of persecution. “Displaying the Hanukkah menorah in the window is a time-honored tradition,” said Dr.

      Do you fill the menorah left to right? ›

      You light the newest night's candle first, so you start by lighting the left-most candle available. (In other words, fill in the menorah from right to left, but light the menorah from left to right.)

      Do the colors of candles matter for a menorah? ›

      It doesn't matter what color candles you use. Some choose traditional blue and white candles, while others prefer differently colored candles! The candelabra Jewish people use for Chanukah is actually a "chanukiah," which has nine branches, not a menorah, which has seven.

      Are you supposed to light all the candles on the first night of Hanukkah? ›

      admin. The Mitzvah of lighting Chanukah candles: The minimum obligation is that every household should have one candle burning every night. It is customary to be scrupulous regarding this mitzvah: to have one candle on the first night and an additional candle every night (1-8), and everyone in the house as well.

      What do you say when lighting a candle? ›

      We light this candle to give thanks for love, which carries us along in its embrace. We light this candle to represent the light of love. We are grateful for the capacity to love and the blessing of having been loved.

      What are 3 traditions of Hanukkah? ›

      Hanukkah is celebrated in several ways. In addition to lighting each day one candle on the menorah, religious rituals can include daily reading of Scripture, recitation of some of the Psalms, almsgiving, and singing of a special hymn.

      What do you say at a candle lighting ceremony? ›

      This is a special candle lighting ceremony to remember those we have lost and to honor our grief. “As we light these four candles; We light one for our grief, one for our courage, one for our memories and one for our love.” • LIGHT FIRST CANDLE • “The light of this first candle represents our grief.

      What are you not allowed to do during Hanukkah? ›

      How is Hanukkah celebrated? Hanukkah is celebrated for eight days, in honor of the miracle of the oil that lasted eight days in the Holy Temple. Unlike some other Jewish holidays where work is forbidden, there are no restrictions on doing work during Hanukkah.

      What is prohibited during Hanukkah? ›

      These days are called Hanukkah, when it is forbidden to lament or to fast, just as it is on the days of Purim. Lighting the lamps during the eight days of Hanukkah is a religious duty imposed by the sages.

      What are the 3 prayers for Hanukkah? ›

      The traditional Hanukkah candle lighting service consists of saying all three blessings on the first night, and only the first and second blessings for the seven nights to follow. Transliteration: Baruch atah Adonai, Eloheinu Melech ha'olam, asher kid'shanu b'mitzvotav v'tsivanu l'hadlik ner shel Hanukkah.

      What is the best Hanukkah greeting? ›

      Happy Hanukkah!” “Hanukkah Sameach!” (meaning, “Happy Hanukkah!”) “Chag Sameach!” (meaning, “Happy Holiday!”) “Chag Urim Sameach!” (meaning, “Happy Festival of Lights!”)

      How many candles should I light tonight for Hanukkah? ›

      One candle is lit on the first night of Hanukkah, and an additional candle is lit on each successive night, until, on the eighth night, the Chanukiah is fully illuminated. Hanukkah is also called the Feast of Lights or Festival of Lights due to the importance of the candle-lighting.

      Why are there 9 lights on a menorah? ›

      As the story goes, one day's worth of oil miraculously lasted for eight days. That's why the Hanukkah menorah has nine candles: one for each of the eight days, and one to light the rest. The Hanukkah menorah is more accurately called a hanukkiyah.

      Is Hanukkah 7 or 9 candles? ›

      A Hanukkiah, however, has nine candlesticks — one for each night of Hanukkah and an extra one to light the others. According to strict Jewish law, a Hanukkiah should have eight candleholders of the same height and a ninth branch that is set higher than the rest.

      Why are Hanukkah lights blue? ›

      Blue and White of Hanukkah

      As a literal reminder of God and a literary reference to splendor, the color blue takes center stage, snugly surrounded by the color white, a symbol of the people who uphold Jewish teachings and whose ancient white tzitzit accepted the color blue.

      What are the five steps to burning a candle? ›

      How to burn a candle correctly
      1. Trim the wick. Every. ...
      2. Let the wax melt all the way across. Once your candle's lit, DON'T blow it out until the top layer of wax has melted all the way across. ...
      3. Buy multi-wick candles. ...
      4. Keep the flame away from moving air. ...
      5. Dip your wicks to extinguish the flame.

      How do you decorate a candle step by step? ›

      You can wrap strips of tissue paper around the candle and tie them in place, or tape down individual pieces to create different designs. Plan out what you want your candle to look like, then tie down or attach the paper with Scotch tape to start the decorating process.

      What are 5 facts about light? ›

      5 Things You Should Definitely Know About Light
      • Light is a wave. ...
      • Not only is light a wave, it is an electromagnetic wave. ...
      • Different wavelengths of light interact differently with matter. ...
      • A human can see objects when light passes through the eye. ...
      • All objects produce light (electromagnetic waves).

      What is light in a short answer? ›

      Light is electromagnetic radiation that can be detected by the human eye. Electromagnetic radiation occurs over an extremely wide range of wavelengths, from gamma rays with wavelengths less than about 1 × 1011 metres to radio waves measured in metres.

      What is lighting very short answer? ›

      Lightning is an electrical discharge caused by imbalances between storm clouds and the ground, or within the clouds themselves. Most lightning occurs within the clouds. "Sheet lightning" describes a distant bolt that lights up an entire cloud base. Other visible bolts may appear as bead, ribbon, or rocket lightning.

      What are 4 common traditions about Hanukkah? ›

      Potato pancakes (latkes), doughnuts (sufganiyot), and other treats fried in oil, which recall the miracle of the oil, are popular. Children receive presents and gifts of money (Hanukkah gelt), which is sometimes distributed in the form of chocolate coins wrapped in gold foil.

      What do you spin during Hanukkah? ›

      What is a dreidel? A dreidel is a spinning top with four sides, each inscribed with a letter of the Hebrew alphabet. The Hebrew letters inscribed on a dreidel are a Nun, Gimel, Hey or Chai, and Shin.

      Do you give a gift on the first day of Hanukkah? ›

      Traditionally, gifts were not a part of Hanukkah. Instead gelt -- a small amount of money or chocolate coins -- was given to children. However, some parents now include gift giving in their Hanukkah festivities.

      What is the difference between a menorah and a Chanukah? ›

      Top 10 Things You Didn't Know About Hanukkah

      A menorah, which has only seven candleholders, was the lamp used in the ancient holy temple in Jerusalem — now a symbol of Judaism and an emblem of Israel. A Hanukkiah, however, has nine candlesticks — one for each night of Hanukkah and an extra one to light the others.

      Can you relight a Chanukah candle? ›

      If a candle is extinguished before a half hour, it does not have to be re-lit provided that it was originally lit in such a way that it should have lasted. If it was lit in such a way that it wasn't likely to last a full half hour, such as if it was lit in a windy location, then it must be re-lit.

      How long do you keep the menorah up? ›

      We light the candles freshly every night, adding one each night until all 8 have been completed. The candle is not expected to last longer than an hour or two after lighting and will naturally burn out on its own.

      What are the 3 traditional colors for Hanukkah? ›

      “Hanukkah bushes” akin to Christmas trees can be found in many Jewish homes; string lights in blue and white rather than green and red are strewn on houses.

      Which is correct Chanukah or Hanukkah? ›

      For many English speakers, the festival is also known for confusion over the spelling of its name: Is it Hanukkah or Chanukah? The answer is that both are considered correct, though Hanukkah is the most widely used spelling, while Chanukah is more traditional.

      What are the three 3 spellings of Hanukkah? ›

      Hanukah : 862,000 hits. Hannukah : 677,000 hits. Chanuka : 335,000 hits. Chanukkah : 274,000 hits.
      ...
      Sixteen ways to spell Hanukkah
      • The word starts with “H” or “Ch”
      • Second consonant is “nn” or “n”
      • Third consonant is “kk” or “k”
      • The word ends with “ah” or “a”
      21 Dec 2005

      Which hand is best to light the menorah with? ›

      Light the candles with the shamash.

      After you finish reciting the blessings, pick the shamash candle up with your dominant hand. Use the shamash to light the candle/s, going from left to right. In other words, light the newest candle first, then light the preceding candles.

      Does menorah have to be in straight line? ›

      What is a Hanukkah menorah? It's a special type of candelabra designed specifically to hold the Hanukkah candles. According to Jewish law, it must have eight branches, all perfectly aligned at the same height in a straight line.

      How do you get the melted candles out of a menorah? ›

      Remove stubborn wax buildup with hot water.

      "For heavy wax buildup, I fill up the kitchen sink with very hot water and let the menorah soak in it for fifteen minutes. After this, most of the wax comes off quite easily, and I use my fingernails to scrape off the most stubborn wax deposits."

      Can you leave a menorah out all year? ›

      People leave [the menorah] out all year round; they don't just take it out during Hanukkah,” Ms. Sternberg observed, adding, “A menorah lasts forever.

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