Understand Taxes (2024)

Table of Contents
Learn More Key Terms FAQs

As an employee, self-employed individual, independent contractor, or part of the gig economy, you may have a requirement to file federal and state income tax returns. The federal return is filed with the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), and the state return is filed with the Franchise Tax Board (FTB). Both returns are generally due on April 15. When the due date falls on a weekend or holiday, the deadline to file and pay without penalty is extended to the next business day. Because there are various tax credits that are refundable—which puts money directly in your pockets—you should file the income tax returns to claim this credit, even if you do not have a filing requirement.

Learn More

Key Terms

Federal income tax: The federal government collects taxes based on the earnings of individuals and businesses, called an income tax. The federal income tax pays for national programs such as defense, foreign affairs, law enforcement, and interest on the national debt.

FICA (Federal Insurance Contributions Act): A tax deducted from your pay to contribute to Social Security and Medicare; your employer contributes the same amount on your behalf.

Gig: A single project or task for which a worker is hired to work on demand. Some gigs are a type of short-term job, and some workers pursue gigs as a self-employment option.

Gross income: Total pay before taxes and other deductions are taken out.

Income: Money earned or received such as wages or salaries, tips, commissions, contracted pay, government transfer payments, dividends on investments, tax refunds, gifts, and inheritances.

Income tax: Federal, state, and local taxes on income, both earned (salaries, wages, tips, commissions) and unearned (interest, dividends). Includes both personal and business or corporate income taxes. Not all states and localities have income taxes.

IRS: The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) is a U.S. government agency responsible for the collection of taxes and enforcement of tax laws

Net income: Amount of money you bring home in your paycheck after taxes and other deductions are taken out; also called take-home pay.

Payroll tax: Taxes taken from your paycheck, including Social Security and Medicare taxes.

Property tax: Taxes on property, especially real estate, but also can be on boats, automobiles (often paid along with license fees), recreational vehicles, and business inventories.

Sales tax: A tax on retail products based on a set percentage of the retail price.

State income tax: Most states and some local municipalities require their residents to pay a personal income tax. Generally, states use one of two methods to determine income tax: the graduated income tax or the flat rate income tax. Both methods first require you to figure your taxable income.

Tax credit: Reduces the amount of tax you owe.

Tax deduction: An amount (often a personal or business expense) that reduces income subject to tax.

Tax refund: Money owed to taxpayers when their total tax payments are greater than the total tax. Refunds are received from the government.

Withholding ("pay-as-you-earn" taxes): Money that employers withhold from employees’ paychecks. This money is deposited for the government and is credited against the employees' tax liability when they file their returns. Employers withhold money for federal income taxes, Social Security and Medicare taxes, and state and local income taxes in some states and localities.

Understand Taxes (2024)

FAQs

What is the basic understanding of taxes? ›

Taxes are required payments of money to governments, which use the funds to provide public goods and services for the benefit of the community as a whole.

How can I learn about tax system? ›

Some of these sources include the Internal Revenue Code (IRC), Internal Revenue Service (IRS) publications, calling the IRS, consulting texts for tax professionals, hiring a tax professional, seeking volunteer tax assistance through VITA, and consulting texts for a consumer audience.

How do taxes really work? ›

Americans have a progressive tax system with rates that rise along with income, so the higher your income, the higher your tax bracket. No one really pays the top tax bracket percentage on every dollar of their taxable income. Usually, it's a much lower amount.

What happens if you don't pay taxes? ›

If you don't pay your taxes on time, the IRS begins charging penalties and interest on the tax you owe as soon as the tax deadline passes. It can also begin collection actions against you that include tax liens and seizure of assets.

Why are taxes so complicated? ›

There are many reasons for this. The tax code reflects the intricacies of modern financial and social life, and it's also a mishmash of competing policy interests that shift over time and often interact in unexpected ways. Another impediment to simplification is human nature.

Is learning to do taxes hard? ›

Although the United States tax code is a complex one, it's not difficult to do your taxes on your own. That is, as long as you use a quality software solution to guide you through the process. Consider signing up for TurboTax, H&R Block or another leading software solution now to get started.

What can I deduct on my taxes? ›

If you itemize, you can deduct these expenses:
  • Bad debts.
  • Canceled debt on home.
  • Capital losses.
  • Donations to charity.
  • Gains from sale of your home.
  • Gambling losses.
  • Home mortgage interest.
  • Income, sales, real estate and personal property taxes.

What major teaches you about taxes? ›

Career Education in Taxation

The minimum educational requirement for a tax accountant is a bachelor's degree in accounting, finance or a related field. CPA certification is not required, but opens up many opportunities that would likely be closed to a tax professional who has not earned CPA certification.

Where do taxes actually go? ›

California's state budget supports an array of programs and services that touch the lives of all Californians – from schools and colleges to health care and public safety to highways and environmental protection.

How does IRS check your taxes? ›

The IRS manages audits either by mail or through an in-person interview to review your records. The interview may be at an IRS office (office audit) or at the taxpayer's home, place of business, or accountant's office (field audit). Remember, you will be contacted initially by mail.

How much tax do you actually pay? ›

Federal income tax basics
Tax rateSingleMarried filing jointly
10%$0 to $11,000$0 to $22,000
12%$11,001 to $44,725$22,001 to $89,450
22%$44,726 to $95,375$89,451 to $190,750
24%$95,376 to $182,100$190,751 to $364,200
3 more rows

How much will my tax return be if I made $35,000? ›

If you make $35,000 a year living in the region of California, USA, you will be taxed $6,243. That means that your net pay will be $28,757 per year, or $2,396 per month.

What is the average tax return for a single person making $60,000? ›

If you make $60,000 a year living in the region of California, USA, you will be taxed $13,653. That means that your net pay will be $46,347 per year, or $3,862 per month.

How much will my tax return be if I made $15,000? ›

If you make $15,000 a year living in the region of California, USA, you will be taxed $1,518. That means that your net pay will be $13,483 per year, or $1,124 per month.

What is the simplest definition of taxes? ›

A tax is a mandatory payment or charge collected by local, state, and national governments from individuals or businesses to cover the costs of general government services, goods, and activities.

What is the main idea of taxes? ›

Taxes provide revenue for federal, local, and state governments to fund essential services--defense, highways, police, a justice system--that benefit all citizens, who could not provide such services very effectively for themselves.

How do you explain taxes to a child? ›

Be General. Explain to your kids in simple terms what taxes are. A basic definition such as, taxes are money that we pay to the government so that the government can pay for things everybody in our town, our state, and our country use. Use Examples.

What is the definition of income tax for dummies? ›

Key Takeaways. Income tax is a type of tax governments impose on income generated by businesses and individuals within their jurisdiction. Income tax is used to fund public services, pay government obligations, and provide goods for citizens.

Top Articles
Latest Posts
Article information

Author: Rueben Jacobs

Last Updated:

Views: 5695

Rating: 4.7 / 5 (57 voted)

Reviews: 88% of readers found this page helpful

Author information

Name: Rueben Jacobs

Birthday: 1999-03-14

Address: 951 Caterina Walk, Schambergerside, CA 67667-0896

Phone: +6881806848632

Job: Internal Education Planner

Hobby: Candle making, Cabaret, Poi, Gambling, Rock climbing, Wood carving, Computer programming

Introduction: My name is Rueben Jacobs, I am a cooperative, beautiful, kind, comfortable, glamorous, open, magnificent person who loves writing and wants to share my knowledge and understanding with you.