On Faith: From left to right, the rules of Hanukkah (2024)

Hanukkah, meaning “dedication” in Hebrew, refers to the joyous eight-day celebration during which Jews commemorate the victory of the Maccabees over the armies of Syria in 165 B.C.E. and the subsequent liberation and “rededication” of the Temple in Jerusalem. The modern home celebration of Hanukkah centers around the lighting of the chanukiah, a special menorah for Hanukkah; unique foods, latkes and jelly doughnuts; and special songs and games.

This year, we kindle the first candle of Hanukkah on Saturday night and the last candle Dec. 15.

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How to bless the candles

Q: How should the candles be placed in the chanukiah? Is there a correct order?

A: Yes, there actually is a correct order. The candles should be placed from right to left. On the first night, there should be one candle on the far right of the chanukiah, plus the shamash. On the second night, there should be two candles on the right, plus the shamash, and so on.

There was actually once a Talmudic dispute about whether all the candles should be lighted on the first night and then decrease each night or whether they should increase. The way that won out became the normative way, which is to increase the lights each night. The reason given is that sanctity should always be increased, not decreased.

Q: In what direction should the candles be lighted?

A: The candles are lighted in the opposite direction from how they are placed in the chanukiah. They are lighted from left to right, so that the newest candle is always lighted first. The helper candle, or shamash, is lighted first, and that candle is used to light all the other candles.

Q: In what direction do we add the candles to the chanukiah?

A: The candles are added to the chanukiah from right to left but are kindled from left to right. The newest candle is lit first. (On the Shabbat of Hanukkah, kindle the Hanukkah lights first and then the Shabbat candles.) Light the shamash — the helper candle set higher or lower than all the rest of the candles — first using it to kindle the rest of the Hanukkah lights as you say or sing:

“We kindle these lights because of the wondrous deliverance you performed for our ancestors. During these eight days of Hanukkah, these lights are sacred; we are not to use them but only to behold them, so that their glow may rouse us to give thanks for your wondrous acts of deliverance.”

RABBI MARC RUBENSTEIN is the leader of Temple Isaiah of Newport Beach. The above piece originally appeared in the temple’s newsletter.

On Faith: From left to right, the rules of Hanukkah (2024)

FAQs

What are the rules of Hanukkah? ›

The law requires only one light each night per household, A better practice is to light one light each night for each member of the household. The most preferred practice is to vary the number of lights each night.

Is Hanukkah left to right? ›

The candles are placed on the menorah from right to left, the same direction in which one reads Hebrew. However, when lighting the menorah you move in the opposite direction, using the shamash to the light the candles from left to right.

What are 3 traditions of Hanukkah? ›

Hanukkah is celebrated in several ways. In addition to lighting each day one candle on the menorah, religious rituals can include daily reading of Scripture, recitation of some of the Psalms, almsgiving, and singing of a special hymn.

What is the translation of the Hanukkah prayer? ›

Transliteration: Baruch atah Adonai, Elohenu Melech ha'olam, shehecheyanu, v'kiyimanu, v'higiyanu la'zman hazeh. Translation: Praised are You, Our God, Ruler of the universe, Who has given us life and sustained us and enabled us to reach this season.

Do you light a menorah right to left? ›

Placing The Candles On The Menorah

Each night, add a new candle before lighting. Now, here's the tricky part: candles are placed in the menorah from right to left but candles are lit from left to right. "Left to right, that's how you light!"

Why are Hanukkah candles lit from left to right? ›

They are lighted from left to right, so that the newest candle is always lighted first. The helper candle, or shamash, is lighted first, and that candle is used to light all the other candles.

Where in the Bible does it say to celebrate Hanukkah? ›

Early history. Though it is 2,200 years old, Hanukkah is one of Judaism's newest holidays, an annual Jewish celebration that does not even appear in the Hebrew Bible.

What is the right greeting for Hanukkah? ›

Hanukkah Sameach!” (meaning, “Happy Hanukkah!”) “Chag Sameach!” (meaning, “Happy Holiday!”) “Chag Urim Sameach!” (meaning, “Happy Festival of Lights!”)

Where is Hanukkah in the Bible? ›

The story of Hanukkah does not appear in the Torah because the events that inspired the holiday occurred after it was written. It is, however, mentioned in the New Testament, in which Jesus attends a "Feast of Dedication."

What is the most important part of Hanukkah? ›

The most important of all Hanukkah traditions is the lighting of the menorah each evening.

What is the main purpose of Hanukkah? ›

Hanukkah means “dedication” in Hebrew. The eight-day holiday celebrates the rededication of the Temple of Jerusalem after it was retaken by the Maccabees, a group of Jewish warriors, from the Greeks in the 2nd century BCE, as explained by Tablet magazine.

What are the 3 prayers for Hanukkah? ›

Recite or sing these blessings as you light the Hanukkiyah each night during Hanukkah: Baruch atah Adonai Eloheinu Melech ha-olam, asher kid'shanu b-mitzvotav, v-tzivanu l'hadlik ner shel Hanukkah.

What is the most important prayer in Judaism? ›

The Shema is regarded by many Jews as the most important prayer in Judaism. This is because it reminds them of the key principle of the faith - there is only one God. This is a monotheistic principle. This part of the Shema is taken from the Torah : Hear O Israel, the Lord our God, the Lord is One.

Why do Jews say Happy Hanukkah? ›

Hanukkah is also known as the Festival of Lights. Urim (pronounced “oo-reem”) is Hebrew for "lights," so chag urim sameach equates to wishing someone a “happy Festival of Lights.”

Why do you put foil under menorah? ›

Put tin foil under the menorah, wrap the candle holders in it, consider wrapping yourself in it. The tin foil will catch all the melty wax and make cleanup a breeze.

Which candle do you light first on the menorah? ›

Place the shamash in the chanukiah.

This is the spot for the shamash, or the candle used to light all the other candles. Place one candle in this elevated spot. Every night of Chanukah, you place and light the shamash first before the other candles.

What does the 7 candles in a menorah stand for? ›

The seven lamps allude to the branches of human knowledge, represented by the six lamps inclined inwards towards, and symbolically guided by, the light of God represented by the central lamp. The menorah also symbolizes the creation in seven days, with the center light representing the Sabbath.

What do you say when lighting Hanukkah candles? ›

Baruch atah Adonai Eloheinu Melech ha-olam, asher kid'shanu b-mitzvotav, v-tzivanu l'hadlik ner shel Hanukkah. Blessed are you, Our God, Ruler of the Universe, who makes us holy through Your commandments, and commands us to light the Hanukkah lights.

Do menorah candles have to be in a straight line? ›

According to Jewish law, the eight main branches must all be perfectly aligned, standing at the same height and in a straight line. They must be spaced far enough apart so that one candle's flame doesn't join with another's.

What does the Star of David symbol mean? ›

Since 1948, the Star of David has carried the dual significance of representing both the state of Israel, and Jewish identity in general. In the United States especially, it continues to be used in the latter sense by a number of athletes.

Is it OK for Christians to celebrate Hanukkah? ›

It is not wrong for a Christian to celebrate Hanukkah. The Jews celebrate the holiday as a reminder of the victory God brought to them after a time of severe oppression. They also celebrate His provision of oil for the menorah after the rededication of the temple in 164 BC.

What are the two miracles of Hanukkah? ›

There was only one small cruse of pure oil, enough to light the menorah in the Temple for one day. But it lasted eight days, in time to produce new pure oil and the menorah was able to remain lit and never burn out. This miracle is attributed to God and the faith that the Jews had in God.

What miracle caused the celebration of Hanukkah? ›

Hanukkah, which means “dedication,” commemorates the miracle of light that occurred when Judah rededicated the Temple to the Hebrew god. According to the Talmud (one of Judaism's holy texts), the Seleucids left only one intact vial of oil, just enough to light the Temple's candelabrum for one day.

How do you respectfully celebrate Hanukkah? ›

Here are eight Hanukkah traditions you can bring into your home:
  1. Tell the story of Hanukkah. ...
  2. Light the menorah. ...
  3. Give eight small gifts, one each night. ...
  4. Give out chocolate gelt. ...
  5. Play dreidel. ...
  6. Fry stuff! ...
  7. Have a party! ...
  8. Teach your kids about religious freedom.
18 Dec 2017

How do you honor Hanukkah? ›

Many modern Jewish families celebrate by lighting the hanukkiah. One candle per night of Hanukkah is lit, like Hebrew is read, from right to left. People might also play dreidel games and eat certain foods like sufganiyot (similar to jelly donuts) and latkes (fried potato pancakes).

What's the difference between Judaism and Christianity? ›

Christianity emphasizes faith in Jesus Christ, who gives grace, empowerment, and guidance for living the moral life. [2] Judaism teaches a life of holiness through performing mitzvot and emphasizes the importance of adhering to the Bible's standards of social justice as laid down by the Prophets.

What does the word Hanukkah mean in English? ›

What is Hanukkah? The Hebrew word Chanukah means “dedication,” and this holiday commemorates the rededication of the Holy Temple in Jerusalem.

What celebrations did Jesus celebrate? ›

Holidays Jesus Celebrated
  • Jesus Observed Passover and the Feast of Unleavened Bread. ...
  • Jesus Fulfilled the Feast of First Fruits. ...
  • Jesus Pointed to Shavuot (Pentecost). ...
  • Jesus Foreshadowed the Feast of Trumpets. ...
  • Jesus Fulfilled the Day of Atonement (Yom Kippur). ...
  • Jesus Observed the Feast of Tabernacles (Sukkot).
2 Oct 2021

Why is blue important for Hanukkah? ›

But, while blue and white decorations are largely an American phenomenon and not part of the holiday's celebration elsewhere, the most common reason cited for the color choice is an international one: blue and white are the colors of Israel's flag.

What is the real story of Hanukkah? ›

The traditional Hanukkah story is that when the Maccabees arrived to re-consecrate the Temple, it was in such disarray that there was only enough olive oil to keep the sacred seven-branch candelabrum (or menorah) lit for one day. Instead, the oil miraculously lasted for eight days.

What do you drink on Hanukkah? ›

8 Non-Alcoholic co*cktails for Hanukkah
  • Ginger Ale Blueberry Spritzers.
  • Non-Alcoholic Sangria.
  • Hanukkah Gelt Hot Chocolate.
  • Hot Cranberry Apple Cider.
  • Pomegranate Iced Tea Punch.
  • Blueberry Virgin Mojito.
  • Virgin Apple Shrub Hot Toddy.
  • Ginger Punch.
15 Nov 2021

What do you eat on the first night of Hanukkah? ›

Latkes, jelly doughnuts and brisket: Inside Jewish Hanukkah food traditions. Just before the first night of Hanukkah, Alexander Chack made latkes. He started with grating a big pile of potatoes, onions and carrots, then mixing the grated vegetables with eggs and forming them into palm-sized pancakes.

What foods are forbidden during Hanukkah? ›

Forbidden foods for Hanukkah

Any animal that does not have cloven hooves or which does not chew its cud is forbidden to be eaten on Hanukkah. Such animals include camel, hyrax, hare, pig etc. Any product derived from a forbidden animal is also prohibited, including fat, organs, milk, meat and eggs.

Do Jews say amen? ›

Judaism. Although amen, in Judaism, is commonly used as a response to a blessing, it also is often used by Hebrew speakers as an affirmation of other forms of declaration (including outside of religious context). Jewish rabbinical law requires an individual to say amen in a variety of contexts.

Why do Jews pray 3 times a day? ›

The Talmud gives two reasons why there are three basic prayers each day: Each service was instituted parallel to a sacrificial act in the Temple in Jerusalem: the morning Tamid offering, the afternoon Tamid offering, and the overnight burning of this last offering.

What does Shema mean in English? ›

Shema in American English

(ʃəˈmɑ ) noun. a declaration of the basic principle of Jewish belief, proclaiming the absolute unity of God.

Why is Hanukkah blue and silver? ›

Hanukkah Colors: Blue and White

The obvious explanation for the association of blue and white with Hanukkah is that these are the colors on the Israeli flag.

What can you not eat on Hanukkah? ›

There is no pork or shellfish allowed, and Jews will not mix meat and dairy in the same meal, so if a chicken is on the table, you won't find butter or cheese.

What are 4 common traditions about Hanukkah? ›

Potato pancakes (latkes), doughnuts (sufganiyot), and other treats fried in oil, which recall the miracle of the oil, are popular. Children receive presents and gifts of money (Hanukkah gelt), which is sometimes distributed in the form of chocolate coins wrapped in gold foil.

What do you eat and drink on Hanukkah? ›

Traditional Hanukkah Foods
  • Latkes. Taste of Home. Traditionally, latkes are fried potato pancakes eaten to remember the oil miracle in the Hanukkah story. ...
  • Applesauce and Sour Cream. lisafx/Getty Images. ...
  • Sufganiyot. Taste of Home. ...
  • Gelt. Taste of Home. ...
  • Hanukkah Cookies. Taste of Home. ...
  • Brisket. Taste of Home. ...
  • Kugel. Taste of Home.
3 Dec 2020

What do you do the first day of Hanukkah? ›

The first day of Hanukkah marks the start of Hanukkah, also known as Chanukah or Festival of Lights. Hanukkah is an eight-day Jewish observance that remembers the Jewish people's struggle for religious freedom. On the first day of Hanukkah, only the shammash and the first candle are lit.

What is the most popular food during Hanukkah? ›

Perhaps the most common traditional Hanukkah food found on the tables of Jewish families are potato pancakes, sometimes called latkes or levivot. Jews fill their holiday spreads with oil-fried foods during the holiday to commemorate the oil that lasted for eight days.

What are two traditions of Hanukkah? ›

Potato pancakes (known as latkes) and jam-filled donuts (sufganiyot) are particularly popular in many Jewish households. Other Hanukkah customs include playing with four-sided spinning tops called dreidels and exchanging gifts.

What games do you play on Hanukkah? ›

6 Hanukkah Games Every Kid Will Love
  • Simplified Dreidel. The dreidel is a must for any Hanukkah party since it's the traditional game of the holiday. ...
  • Gelt Lineup. Gelt, or money, is the traditional gift for Hanukkah. ...
  • Gelt Checkers. ...
  • Ring Toss on a Menorah. ...
  • Find the Gelt.

What are 5 traditional Hanukkah foods? ›

10 Best Traditional Hanukkah Foods
  • Latkes.
  • Beef brisket.
  • Roasted chicken.
  • Kugel.
  • Matzo ball soup.
  • Rugelach.
  • Sufganiyot (Jelly-Filled Doughnuts)
  • Challah.
7 Dec 2020

How do you respond to Shalom? ›

The appropriate response is aleichem shalom ("unto you peace") (Hebrew: עֲלֵיכֶם שָׁלוֹם). The plural form "עֲלֵיכֶם‎" is used even when addressing one person. This form of greeting is traditional among Jews throughout the world.

What is Hanukkah in the Bible? ›

Hanukkah, meaning “dedication,” marked this military victory with a celebration that lasted eight days and was modeled on the festival of Tabernacles (Sukkot) that had been banned by Antiochus.

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