What are five types of salts? Explain with examples. (2024)

The salts are classified in the following ways:–

(1) Normal Salts

The salts which are obtained by complete replacement of the ionizable hydrogen ions or hydroxyl ion by a metallic ion of the base are called normal salts.

Example: Hydrochloric acid(HCl) reacts with Sodium hydroxide(NaOH) to form sodium chloride(NaCl) and water(H2O).

HCl(aq)+NaOH(aq)→NaCl(s)+H2O(l)

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(2) Acidic Salts

The salts which are obtained by the partial replacement of ionizable hydrogen atoms of a polybasic acid by a metal ion of the base are called acidic salts.

Example: Sulphuric acid(H2SO4) reacts with Sodium hydroxide(NaOH) to form Sodium hydrogen sulphate(NaHSO4) and water.

H2SO4(aq)+NaOH(aq)→NaHSO4(s)+H2O(l)

(3) Basic Salt

The salt which is formed by partial replacement of hydroxyl (–OH) groups of a poly acidic base by an acid radical is called basic salts.

Example: Lead hydroxide(Pb(OH)2) reacts with hydrochloric acid(HCl) to Lead oxychloride and water.

Pb(OH)2(aq)+HCl(aq)→Pb(OH)Cl(s)+H2O(l)

Lead hydroxide Lead oxychloride

(4) Double salt

The salt which is obtained by the crystallization of two simple salts or from a mixture of their saturated salt solutions is known as double salts.

Example: Potash alum

K2SO4+Al2(SO4)3+24H2O→K2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O

Potash alum (Double salt)

(5) Mixed Salt

The salts containing more than one cation or anion other than H+ or OH– ions are called mixed salts.

Example: Bleaching powder(CaOCl2) contains two anions Cl− and OCl−)